[转帖]《论水质一》——硝化作用

<p><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: red; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #222222; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana;">所谓养鱼先养水，这是人人皆知之事，但是养水不单独是曝气，将水中的氯去除掉，最重要的是建立水中硝化系统之健全，此乃首要！虽简单，但这正是成败之所在。</span></span></p>

[此贴子已经被作者于2007-11-6 11:33:59编辑过]

<p>(18)<span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #222222; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">硝酸的毒性很低，但是累积一定程度还是有害于我们的水族箱。</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #222222; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体;">
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<p><font color="#222222"><font face="Verdana" size="2">(19)</font><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #222222; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">解决硝酸也可以采用微生物的方法，有种细菌【脱氮菌】，它能将硝酸分解成【氮】，是大气中含量最多的，无毒。水中的氮会离开水中，扩散在大气中。但是糟糕的是，亚硝酸菌及硝酸菌是需要氧气的细菌</span></font><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #222222; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体;">(</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #222222; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">好氧菌</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #222222; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体;">)</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #222222; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">，但是脱氮菌属于厌氧菌，它不是不需要氧气喔！没有生物是不需要氧气的，但是在无氧的环境中，脱氮菌可以分解硝酸来取得它所需要的氧气，进而产生氮。而这，正是裸缸的一大败笔。没有够高的底砂，哪来无氧区呢？市面上号称许多能够培养脱氮菌的设备，最好考虑清楚，似乎不便宜，却不知效果如何？种殖水草亦是解决之道，但是并非任何水草都能够利用硝酸，另外，在龙鱼缸养水草有极大的技术性困难。换水！是最好的方法。由于硝酸能够累积很久都不至于发生危险，适度的换水能够有效降低硝酸浓度。顺便补充流失的微量元素，何乐而不为呢？</span></p><p><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #222222; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">&lt;完&gt;</span></p>

(17)<span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #222222; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">硝化细菌大都附着在滤材上，你换水时，无须再行添加硝化细菌了，至于抵挡排泄物的白色过滤棉，上面附着的硝化细菌有限</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #222222; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体;">(</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #222222; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">补充：长时间使用之后，白色过滤棉只有在表面会附着硝化细菌而已，在内部，由于已经阻塞，水流不过去，呈现无氧状</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #222222; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体;">?!--emo&amp;B)--&gt;</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #222222; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">，别真的用到阻塞了再换，过滤棉如果真的那么有效！那干嘛花钱买什么陶瓷珠、生化棉呢？换水时适时添加硝化细菌，我个人认为，那只是要你多花钱的说法罢了！除非你下药，不确定它们还活着，要不然买一瓶菌液，分几次加完，加完了，一切也都顺利了，无须再继续添加。这些话，是我对硝化细菌的了解而认为的。当然啰！别买回来一次加完，分次添加吧！不用急！买回来的菌液，由于考虑瓶中氧气有过度消耗的风险，其菌液中的含菌量不会太多。最重要的是，让它们在水族箱中顺利着床开始繁殖，才是重点。</span>

每贴应该多放点内容~~~~~~~~~~~~

<span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #222222; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体;"><span lang="EN-US">(16)</span></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #222222; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">硝化细菌是一种微生物，对于细菌用药，不能保证是否会对它产生不良影响，除非药商特别声明不危害硝化细菌，要不然，下药时，请谨慎，毕竟许多疾病正是水质出问题才发生的，下了药，杀了硝化细菌或阻碍它们繁殖，问题会更不可收拾。</span>

<p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #222222; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana;"></span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #222222; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana;"><br/>(1)</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #222222; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana;">没有一只鱼会对水质有帮助的，它们只会破坏水质，小便、大便，残饵、死鱼等等，这些其实很难避免，至少鱼的小便及大便是一定会存在的。如此以来，水质恶化是在所难免，既然无法预防，那我们就要去克服。</span></p>

<font color="#222222"><font face="Verdana" size="2">(2)</font><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #222222; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana;">水中之有机物</span></font><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #222222; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana;">(</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #222222; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana;">大便、小便、残饵</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #222222; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana;">)</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #222222; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana;">会被细菌所分解，这是一个正常的现象，事实上，如果没有它们这些细菌，地球上早就遍布尸体了，这是大自然伟大的地方。鱼的排泄物也是经由它们的分解，在分解当中，会产生致命毒素【氨】或铵。</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #222222; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana;">
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<p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #222222; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana;">(3)</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #222222; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana;">氨</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #222222; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana;">(NH3)</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #222222; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana;">与铵</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #222222; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana;">(NH4+)</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #222222; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana;">都是细菌分解有机物而产生的，俗称为阿摩尼亚。在酸碱值</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #222222; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana;">(PH)</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #222222; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana;">大于</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #222222; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana;">7</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #222222; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana;">时，阿摩尼亚</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #222222; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana;">(</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #222222; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana;">氨</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #222222; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana;">)</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #222222; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana;">是一种剧毒，随着</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #222222; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana;">PH</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #222222; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana;">的增加，毒性变强，另外在碳酸盐硬度</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #222222; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana;">(KH)</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #222222; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana;">较高时，其毒性亦会增强。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #222222; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana;">(</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #222222; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana;">补充：</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #222222; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana;">KH</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #222222; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana;">越低，水中的重金属毒性会增强</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #222222; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana;">) </span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #222222; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana;">。当</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #222222; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana;">PH</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #222222; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana;">小于</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #222222; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana;">7</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #222222; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana;">的时候，阿摩尼亚</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #222222; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana;">(</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #222222; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana;">铵</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #222222; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana;">)</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #222222; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana;">毒性很低</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #222222; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana;">(</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #222222; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana;">有些书说没有毒，但应该是有的</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #222222; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana;">)</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #222222; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana;">，它能成为一种水草的肥料。因此在面临氨中毒之下，降低水中</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #222222; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana;">PH</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #222222; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana;">值是一个方法，但这并非我们所要，毕竟</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #222222; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana;">PH</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #222222; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana;">剧烈变动不是好事，因此这样的方法并不值得使用。</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #222222; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana;">
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<p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #222222; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana;">(4)</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #222222; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana;">在所有的氮化合物中，氨毒性最强，何谓氮化合物呢？简单的看，在其化学式中，有【</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #222222; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana;">N</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #222222; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana;">】这个英文字母的即是。藉由换水来降低氨中毒并非长久之计，鱼的排泄物被细菌分解所产生的氨，就算是你天天换水也无法解决，产生的速度，比你换水的速度快多了，况且只要氨含量</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #222222; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana;">0.1PPM(PPM</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #222222; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana;">代表百万分之一</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #222222; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana;">)</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #222222; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana;">，你的水族箱立即陷入危险状态，而</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #222222; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana;">0.1PPM</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #222222; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana;">是千万分之一，这样小的含量就会造成悲剧，你换水是无能为力的。纵然是只有</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #222222; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana;">0.01PPM</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #222222; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana;">，够小了吧！亿分之一，长时间，你的鱼仍然会有氨中毒，无论如何，维持氨等于</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #222222; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana;">0</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #222222; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana;">，是必然的。</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #222222; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana;">
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